Below you can view the final Resolutions adopted by the UN General Assembly during its 1st Session.

The Resolution 1/1 on Sanctions is final.

The Resolution 2/1 on Child Labour is final.

The Resolution 3/2 on the UN Reform is final.

The Resolution S/1 on the Middle East is final.

General Assembly

First Session

Agenda item 1

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

1/1. The use of sanctions with special attention paid to the respect for the human rights


The General Assembly,

Affirming the Purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter which we all believe in,

Bearing in mind that the United Nations system works for benefits of humankind regardless of the origin,

Cognizant of the current debate in the international community about the effective application and targeting of sanctions by the international community,

Emphasizing that sanctions regimes can only be effective if they are a flexible tool in a wider negotiating process,

Recognizing the important role of all relevant actors: the United Nations system with its agencies, international regional governmental organizations, international non-governmental organizations,

Seeking the co-operation of all member States to endeavour for a reform of the Security Council,

Deeply concerned about the increasing number and changed nature of threats to the international peace and security and breaches of the United Nations Charter in all regions,

Deeply concerned about the adverse humanitarian consequences of economic sanctions, such as embargoes and blockades,

Aware, moreover, that such measures most seriously affect the innocent population, in particular the weak and the poor, especially women and children, and that such measures have a tendency to aggravate the imbalances in income distribution already present in the countries concerned,

Keeping in mind that the imposition of endless sanctions under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter has been causing special economic problems to third States and that it is necessary to intensify efforts to address those problems effectively,

Emphasizing that the sanctions as a UN instrument should be applied multilaterally, on uniform criteria and in accordance with International Law,

Expecting from the General Assembly and the Security Council to reconsider their adoption of or support for such measures, even if after a reasonable period of time the imposed measures appeared not to be bringing about the desired changes in targeted policy, and/or if the pursued goals have not been attained yet,

Having examined all relevant material on this important issue,

1. Strongly supports the use of preventive diplomacy and other mechanisms for peaceful settlement of disputes;

2. Accepts the sanctions as a last resort against countries whose actions threaten international peace and security; they are to be used only when all diplomatic means are exhausted;

3. Calls for a reform of the Security Council, if successful smarter sanctions regimes are to be devised;

4. Urges faster reaction of the Security Council to the breaches of international peace and security;

5. Calls upon the greater role of the Secretariat in the assessment of the eventual humanitarian effects of sanctions and encourages it to provide its assessments;

6. Calls for a precise codification of sanctions as envisaged by the United Nations Charter;

7. Recognizes that the aim of sanctions is to force a State, which poses a threat to international peace and security, to act in compliance with the International Law and accept the decisions of the Security Council;

8. Emphasizes that the purpose of sanctions is not to punish or retaliate but only to alter behaviour of decision-making elite; main goal is to alter politics in direction of consideration of International Law;

9. Advocates that sanctions must always be limited to a specific time period that never exceeds two years. Policy objectives have to be stated for each relevant period. After the end of the period the objectives must be reviewed and the Security Council may prolong, modify, or establish a new sanctions regime. However, if there is no will among the Security Council members to prolong or change the existing regime, the sanctions are suspended;

10. Requests that sanction regimes shall be carefully tailored to the particular situation in which they are to be applied;

11. Further requests that the influence of sanctions must be evaluated in advance; short- and long-term consequences must be taken into consideration;

12. Advocates the elaboration of a pre-assessment study, constant monitoring of the situation in the States, which are subject to the sanctions in order to prevent the negative effects of the sanctions on the civilian population and the third States; reports on progress must be publicly available;

13. Advocates that the Security Council must closely co-operate with the Secretariat in supervision of the sanctions. Sanction Assistance Missions (SAMs) have to be sent to all neighbouring States in order to provide assistance to these States in complying with a respective Security Council resolution;

14. Calls upon the United Nations system to develop capacities for monitoring compliance with sanctions resolutions and for reporting the results of this monitoring to the Security Council; the Security Council should engage in consultations with a broader range of intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations concerning both the design and implementation of sanctions resolutions, and it should be given greater staff support to improve the planning and implementation of non-military sanctions.

To these ends a second Collective Measures Committee will be established as an organ within the framework of the General Assembly responsible for the improvement of sanctions management of the Security Council and for the streamline of its working procedures in dealing with sanctions.

The Committee would carry out its functions with an appropriate degree of transparency and would be charged, in particular, with the responsibility of:

a) Assisting the Security Council in outlining general policy in the field of sanctions about when and where sanctions are to be used, respecting the norms of International Law and objective criteria;

b) Advising the Security Council on probable impacts of the proposed sanctions from the humanitarian point of view, as well as from the point of view of enforcement and efficacy, which are based on the comprehensive pre-assessment study;

c) Monitoring the implementation and assessing political, economic, social and humanitarian effects of sanctions imposed by the Security Council;

d) Establishing appropriate arrangements and channels of communication with countries and parties concerned, organs, organizations and bodies of the UN system, in order to improve the enforcement of sanctions and to collect all information available on alleged violations of arms embargoes and other sanctions regimes;

e) Elaborating ways and means to ensure the effectiveness of existing sanctions and to minimize their collateral damage, including through regular visits of Chair- and Vice-Chairpersons to the regions concerned in order to obtain firsthand accounts of the impact of sanctions regimes and the results and difficulties in their implementation;

f) Elaborating ways and means to ensure the efficiency of management of sanctions regimes by helping governments in the adoption of the national legislation needed for the implementation of mandated sanctions, in creation of monitoring measures and of resources for enforcement in a way to bridge the widening gap between the national capabilities of developed and developing countries, who are often closest to the targeted State;

g) Encouraging the establishment of sanctions training facilities for public officials, particularly from developing countries, to increase their understanding of sanctions laws, monitoring and enforcement;

h) Estimating potential and actual losses and costs incurred by third States and collating information on international assistance available to such States;

i) Co-ordinating the relevant activities within the Secretariat, as well as by the concerned organizations both within and outside the United Nations system, especially by assessing and suggesting ways to forge closer links with regional organizations in accordance with the Chapter VIII of the United Nations Charter, international financial institutions, international business and non-governmental organizations;

j) Collating information on and examining all existing sanctions and similar regimes, including those established at the regional level, by international organizations and through other international arrangements of universal and regional character;

k) Monitoring the change of policy in the targeted State and proposing the lifting of sanctions if the policy leads to compliance with standards of the International Law;

l) Developing operating principles for the use of sanctions to enhance their effectiveness with other elements of conflict prevention, e.g. the use of collective military force;

m) Reviewing recent developments in sanctions policy, in particular, the concept of targeted sanctions and its key element the financial sanctions with a view to enhancing the effectiveness of future sanctions regimes;

n) Reviewing other developments in the context of sanctions.

This Collective Measures Committee would be composed of countries representing all regional groups, which have been deeply and constructively involved in United Nations system affairs since the organization's founding in 1945, pay their assessments fully and timely and enjoy broad respect among other members.

The Collective Measures Committee would have a Chairperson and four Vice-Chairpersons. Rotation principles and functions of the members of the Committee's bureau would be defined in the rules of procedure.

The United Nations Secretariat should cover financing of the relevant activities of the Committee and especially of the Chairperson and Vice-Chairpersons, including their visits to the countries and regions concerned.

Drawing new like-minded States into the group may widen the membership in the committee;

15. Reminds that sanctions are to be imposed equally upon all parties which violate the principles of the Charter and not selectively upon politically weaker nations;

16. Urges that sanctions have to be specifically directed against decision-making elites and not against the civil population; a development of smart sanctions that are less harmful and more affective is needed:

a) Financial sanctions against members and co-operators of the ruling structure:

- Freezing of financial property for members of ruling elite abroad

- Blocking of financial transactions

- Limitation of loans and credits to the ruling elite

- Dealing with the problem of off-shore centres

- Control over non-bank transactions and new financial instruments are needed

b) Embargo on supply of weapons

c) Prohibition of travelling for members of ruling elite

d) Prohibition of co-operation in international activities for the ruling elite

e) Limitation of trade with real estate;

17. Recommends that sanctions regime is to be applied swiftly and thoroughly rather than gradually escalating; the interval between introduction and execution must be as short as possible, so that members of ruling elite do not have enough time to move or hide their property;

18. Emphasizes that sanctions shall never have an adverse effect on human rights; the need for extreme vigilance with the regard to humanitarian impact must be a priority if sanctions are to be used in compliance with the highest humanitarian concern;

19. Declares accordingly that sanctions must not prohibit, or practically limit, the importation of food and medicine, and other necessities in that society, such as for the maintenance of civil infrastructure;

20. Requests that humanitarian aid should be sent to the targeted countries through co-operation with the ICRC;

21. Notes that a complete isolation of a targeted country can cause more harm than good to the civilian population and is not necessary;

22. Condemns the use of sanctions that have detrimental effects on the environment;

23. Expresses its hope that sanctions shall be imposed in such a way that the arrest of the individuals, indicted by the International Court of Justice or other judicial bodies that are a part of the United Nations system, can be carried out;

24. Supports the termination of sanctions only after the confirmation of the changed behaviour on the basis of a regular periodic review;

25. Proclaims that clear criteria of lifting the sanctions are to be determined before their imposition;

26. Accepts in special cases, when criteria are partly met, the lifting of sanctions, as a means of encouragement for further progress;

27. Advocates measuring of the effects of sanctions in countries that are neighbours or major trading partners of the targeted country, and accordingly compensating the harm done especially to poor and vulnerable groups;

28. Endorses the compensation of the third States and neighbours from a special fund for their loss because of the imposed sanctions.

To this end all of the members of United Nations system would make regular contributions to this fund accordingly to the height of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of each of the contributing countries. These contributions would then be available as a compensation for the non-targeted countries that suffered damages as a result of the imposition of sanctions upon targeted States.

In order to establish the eligibility of any particular State for a compensation from this fund and to monitor the spending of the means allocated from the fund, a Commission for the assessment of the negative effects of the use of sanctions on non-targeted countries should be established.

The Commission would be comprised of experts in the field of economics.

The work of the Commission would be supervised by the General Assembly and the Second Committee, to which regular reports concerning the work of the Commission shall be sent.

Any State that would consider itself eligible for a compensation from this fund, would have to make a formal complaint to the Commission stating the reasons for its eligibility, providing a crude assessment of damage suffered through the imposition of sanctions against targeted States.

The Commission shall have the right to establish fact-finding missions, which would be sent to the respective country in order to establish the validity of its claims. On the basis of the report of the fact-finding mission, the Commission shall make a proposition to the General Assembly concerning the apportionment of the means from the fund to the particular country.

The General Assembly shall adopt the proposal after the consultation with the Advisory Committee for Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ) and the Co-ordination and Program Committee (CPC) with a qualified majority;

The United Nations development programs and Specialized Agencies should provide emergency relief and longer-term assistance to the affected third States to enable them to cope with the social and humanitarian effects of sanctions, and to attract donating countries and organizations;

29. Calls for a further development of the permanent legal mechanism for addressing problems pertaining to the implementation of the Article 50 of the United Nations Charter;

30. Further recommends that the Security Council's resolutions imposing sanctions should specify the availability of procedures deriving from the article 50 of the United Nations Charter.

General Assembly

First Session

Agenda item 2

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

2/1. Measures for the eradication of child labour


The General Assembly,

Recalling the Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the United Nations General Assembly on 20 November 1989,

Recognizing the importance of achieving universal ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Resolution 44/25 and the Annex,

Recalling the Convention No.182, the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention adopted by the International Labour Organization (ILO) on 17 June 1999,

Recalling the Convention No.138, the Minimum Age Convention adopted on 26 June 1973,

Recognizing the importance of achieving universal ratification of all ILO conventions related to the eradication of child labour,

Reaffirming that all Member States have an obligation to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms, as stated in the United Nations Charter and as elaborated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Convention on the Rights of the Child,

Bearing in mind that children are the most vulnerable social category that can not protect itself and is therefore often an object of violence and exploitation,

Deeply concerned about the increasing problem of child labour in the developing countries as well as in the developed ones, which deprives children of their right to live a normal childhood,

Alarmed by the many cases of gross violations of the basic rights of the children as stated in the Convention on the Rights of the Child,

Realizing the need to address the issues concerning a particular form of child abuse and child labour,

Deeply conscious that poverty is one of the main causes for child labour,

1. Accepts the general definition of child labour and that is: work that is damaging to a child's physical or/and psychological health or/and work that interferes with schooling and stress-free environment and the definition of worst forms of child labour as stated in the Article 3 of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention;

2. Condemns all forms of child labour, as defined in the 1st Article above;

3. Emphasizes the need to gradually eliminate all forms of child labour;

4. Calls upon all Member States to eliminate the worst forms of child labour as a first step towards the abolishment of child labour, and therefore:

a) Emphasizes the need for Governments of Member States to recognize links between trafficking, prostitution, child abuse, drug abuse, poverty, racism and the huge profits earned by the sex and other illegal industries;

b) Calls upon Member States to legally prosecute all forms of sexual exploitation of children, including commercial sexual exploitation, and to condemn and penalize all the offenders involved, whether local or foreign, while ensuring that the children who are victims of this practice are not penalised;

c) Further calls upon Member States to eliminate sexual exploitation and the demand of child trafficking by:

- starting to focus on the link between trafficking, migration and criminal networks;

- developing, strengthening and implementing legal framework, laws, programmes and policies to protect human rights of children nationally and internationally;

- setting international standards and mechanisms with regard to sale and trafficking to ensure not only reporting but also monitoring State activities;

- developing or strengthening and implementing laws with regard to sex tourism which would legally prosecute such acts of nationals in countries of origin when committed against children in countries of destination ("extra-territorial criminal laws") and promoting extradition and other arrangements to ensure that an individual who exploited a child for sexual purposes in another country (the destination country) is prosecuted either in the country of origin or in the country of destination;

- preventing as much as possible the unstable situations when national governments are not able to control their territories and thus abductions, sexual abuse or any other form of violence against children could take place;

- reassuring special protection for orphaned children as they are defenceless and therefore an easy target for criminals, and also subject to mortal diseases like AIDS through sexual abuse;

- enforcing existing laws and if necessary amending those laws to protect the victims and bring the offenders to justice;

- punishing traffickers and other perpetrators of sexual exploitation of children and confiscating profits from trafficking;

- adopting a non punitive approach to child victims of commercial sexual exploitation and providing the victims with legal, psychological and medical support and alternative means of livelihood;

- widely publicizing mechanisms for reporting crimes against children and protecting individuals that are willing to co-operate with authorities to bring the offenders to justice;

d) Supports the need for international and regional registers for missing children, containing all the pertinent information for identification;

e) Emphasizes the need for preventive programmes to be multi-disciplinary on national, regional and international level, also including non-governmental organizations, and to be targeted on society as a whole;

f) Further requests information campaigns and support to victims in both receiving countries and countries of origin through:

- health care centres

- shelters

- safe housing

- counselling centres

- education centres

- rehabilitation and reintegration programmes;

g) Calls for the establishment of the Co-ordination Forum in the framework of the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), that shall provide an effective collaboration between the United Nations system and local operational agencies on various levels, for the purpose of selecting issues on the ground, providing and exchanging information, co-ordinating governmental and non-governmental organizations on the issue of sexual exploitation of children, and elaborating proper strategies to cope with the problem. In this way the lack of co-ordination in the past which led to duplication, overlapping activities in one sector and neglecting other areas for providing support to children, can be efficiently prevented;

h) Calls upon the developed countries to assist the developing countries financially and in other ways in implementing laws that prohibit child labour, child trafficking and other exploitation of children, and in enforcing appropriate mechanisms;

5. Advocates that the exact working definitions on forms of child labour and worst forms of child labour, needed for action to combat child labour in individual States, are made by the United Nations Organization and its special agencies: the ILO and the UNICEF in co-operation with governments of Member States;

6. Expresses its concern about the recruitment of children and their participation and use in armed conflicts, and reminds that more than 300,000 individuals under 18 years of age are currently participating in armed conflicts worldwide, and thus calls upon:

a) Member States to take all feasible measures to ensure that members of their armed forces who have not attained the age of 18 years do not take part in direct hostilities;

b) Member States to ensure that individuals under the age of 18 are not compulsorily recruited into their armed forces;

c) Armed groups that are distinct from the armed forces of a State not to,under any circumstances, recruit or use in hostilities individuals under the age of 18 years;

d) Member States to take all necessary measures to put pressure to armed groups and movements to release all children held as captives or child soldiers;

e) Member States to strongly condemn the targeting of children in situations of armed conflict, including killing, sexual violence, abduction and forced displacement; to stop the spread and illicit trafficking of small arms and light weapons across borders; and to take all necessary legal, administrative and other measures to prevent such recruitment, including the adoption of legal measures necessary to prohibit and punish such practices;

f) Member States, in co-operation with specialised agencies that set up programmes for psycho-social counselling and therapy, to help the children come to terms with the violence to which they have been subjected and which they have perpetrated;

g) All parties in armed conflicts to respect the provisions of International Humanitarian Law that protect children;

h) All parties in armed conflicts to ensure that the protection, welfare and rights of children are taken into account during peace negotiations and throughout the process of consolidating peace, and for the personnel of peacekeeping, peace making and peace building forces to be given appropriate training of dealing with soldiers under 18 years of age;

i) Member States and relevant actors of the United Nations system to intensify their efforts to ensure an end to the recruitment and to the use of children in armed conflicts;

j) Member States to consider signing and ratifying the Optional Protocol to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child regarding the participation of children in armed conflicts;

7. Condemns the existence and an increase of new forms of child abuses - the internet abuses which lead to the worst forms of child labour, and calls for international action in preventing, prosecuting and eliminating it;

8. Supports the efforts of all governments of Member States in eliminating all forms of child labour through adoption of appropriate national legislation as well as awareness campaigns;

9. Further supports the need for implementation of special programme for registration of every child born in a developing country conducted by the UNICEF. And to this end the General Assembly proposes:

a) To raise public awareness of both, citizens and government officials, about the need for the child birth registration by national media and by sending thousands of United Nations volunteers across countries in order to inform people orally;

b) To require annual country-specific status report on birth registration, put up by governments, the United Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations together in order to avoid any kind of partiality;

10. Recommends the ILO to create and monitor, in co-operation with the government of the concerned State, a minimal set of labour standards for each State as restrictions to child labour;

11. Emphasizes the need for compulsory, affordable and equally accessible basic education regardless to gender, race or religion, and for useful vocation training as an essential tool for child labour prevention, and to this end calls upon all governments to ensure this kind of education and urges international co-operation to financially and advisory contribute to the implementation of such education;

12. Invites multinational corporations and other international businesses to adopt individual strategies and programmes to eliminate child labour;

13. Recommends to the World Bank (WB), to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and to the developed countries the relief of debts for all the developing countries in order to free their resources and allow those resources to be devoted to social benefit of children;

14. Strongly supports the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour (IPEC), implemented by the ILO in participating countries, as well as the Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour (SIMPOC) of the ILO, with a purpose to extend data collection on and monitoring of the child labour;

15. Calls for the creation of other similar international technical co-operation plans for the progressive elimination of child labour like the IPEC by other international governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations, on the condition that they are created, implemented and monitored in co-operation with the ILO or the UNICEF and are in accordance with the United Nations Charter;

16. Further calls for the creation of additional international initiatives aimed at eliminating poverty, corruption and at promoting social development, which would all contribute to already established programmes by making them more effective in pursuing their goal;

17. Recommends that labelling programmes are implemented only on the condition that an independent monitoring system is created in order to determine if a particular labelling programme is indeed being effective in achieving its aims;

18. Requests that sanctions and boycotts of products made by child labour exploitation are performed only if additional educational and vocational training programmes were introduced simultaneously;

19. Calls for the establishment of a Child Labour Elimination Fund within the United Nations aystem to which financial means would be donated for child labour elimination programmes which are performed by the United Nations, and by other international governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations as well. This Child Labour Elimination Fund would need to incorporate monitoring and inspection mechanisms in order to assess efficient use of donations;

20. Emphasizes the important role of all relevant actors: governments, the United Nations Organization and its Agencies, especially the UNICEF and the ILO, international governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations;

21. Decides to convene at high level the World Summit for Children in 2002 with emphasis on the problem of child labour, with the following objectives:

a) to review and assess the progress that has been made since the last World Summit for Children, with special attention to child labour;

b) to examine ways and means to improve the implementation of existing mechanisms, mentioned in conventions, signed by the United Nations Member States;

c) to formulate concrete recommendations for improvement in the effectiveness of the United Nations activities and mechanisms in the field of child labour through programmes aimed at promoting, encouraging and monitoring respect for the rights of children and prevention of the worst forms of child labour;

d) to make recommendations ensuring the necessary financial and other resources for United Nations activities in promotion and protection of children;

22. Further decides to establish a Preparatory Committee for the World Summit for Children, which shall be open to all Member States of the United Nations Organization, with participation of observers, in accordance with the established practice of the General Assembly;

23. Authorizes the Preparatory Committee to have the mandate to make proposals for the consideration of the General Assembly regarding the agenda, date, duration, venue for and participation at the Summit, desirable studies and other documentation, preparatory meetings and activities at the international, regional and national level, which should take place this and next year (2001 and 2002);

24. Also decides that the Preparatory Committee, at its first session, shall elect a six-member bureau, composed of a Chairman, four Vice-Chairmen and a Reporter, with due regard to equitable geographic representation;

25. Instructs the Preparatory Committee to deal with substantive preparations for the Summit in accordance with the goals and objectives set out in article 21 above;

26. Requests the United Nations Third Committee (Social, Humanitarian and Cultural) and the ILO to make recommendations to the Preparatory Committee on the above-mentioned issues during those sessions that will take place prior to the Summit;

27. Encourages the Chairmen of the United Nations Third Committee and of the International Labour Organization, chairmen or other designated members of child rights organizations and child labour expert bodies, as well as special reporters and chairmen or designated members of working groups dealing with the problem of child labour to take part in the work of the Preparatory Committee;

28. Requests the Preparatory Committee to report to the General Assembly at its second session on the progress of its work.

General Assembly

First Session

Agenda item 3

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

3/2. The reform of the United Nations with special attention paid to equitable representation in the Security Council

The General Assembly,

Recognizing the primary responsibility of the Security Council for the maintenance of international peace and security deriving from the United Nations Charter,

Observing that today the international community is both more numerous and more complex and that there are nearly four times as many members of the United Nations as there were at the time of its founding,

Aware of the enormous changes which have taken place on the international arena since the founding of the United Nations,

Keeping in mind that in the contemporary world opportunities and challenges are increasingly global, and that they demand global solutions,

Deeply convinced that the United Nations Security Council must modernize and do so urgently to be able to deal better with the complexities of international community,

Convinced that an enlargement of the Security Council is unavoidable if the Council is to be able to effectively meet the challenges of today's international relations,

Emphasizing that the responsibility of the Security Council is global and that its actions concern all regions and countries of the world,

Fully believing that the representation in the membership of the Security Council should be based on geography, enhancing all major regions,

Bearing in mind the crucial role of the non-permanent members of the Security Council, having to stand for election and thereby providing a particular measure of accountability and credibility,

Seeking to make the Security Council a more transparent and open institution to further the legitimacy of its work and decisions,

Deeply concerned about the inconsistency of the right to use a veto by non-elected members of the Security Council in the world in which the principles of democracy are ever more prevailing,

Saddened by the humanitarian consequences that have followed the Security Council's inability to act immediately in urgent situations due to the use, or the possibility, of a veto,

Noting that the effectiveness, credibility and legitimacy of work of the Security Council depend on its representative Rules of procedure, on its ability to discharge its primary responsibility and in carrying out its duties on behalf of all its Members,


1. Advocates that permanent members remain the five indicated by the Article 23 of the United Nations Charter and that the current number of non-permanent seats is reduced from 10 to 9, with one of the two seats curently held by a Member State from Western Europe being terminated in order to assure an overall equitable geographic distribution of the membership in the Security Council;

2. Further recommends the establishment of 10 new seats with frequent rotation and without veto power, subdivided among the geographic grounds:

- 3 to Asia and Oceania

- 2 to Latin America and the Caribbean

- 3 to Africa

- 1 to Europe

- 1 to Middle East;

3. Further proclaims that on each of these 10 new seats 3 States would rotate, for a total of 30 States. Each of these States would assume one two-year term in the Council every six years. Furthermore, none of the 30 States could compete for the 10 current non-permanent seats;

4. Further recommends that:

a) all new rotating members would be chosen on the basis of criteria defined by the General Assembly in co-operation with regional intergovernmental organizations and regional groups in the General Assembly. This criteria set forth in accordance with the Article 23 of the United Nations Charter, would further ensure equal and democratic representation of all Member States coming from different continents/regions.

b) all 30 rotating States, due to rotate regularly, would be subject to regular election in the General Assembly, they would need to obtain two-thirds of the votes of the General Assembly. Should a candidate fail to obtain the requred number of votes by the third ballot, other countries from the same geographic group could then run according to the same procedure;

c) the list of the rotating States would be subject to periodical revisions every 9 years. This controlling mechanism would allow the General Assembly to periodically review the list, and possibly replace countries with others, provided that they have met the proper requirements. A country, elected by the General Assembly for a rotating membership in the Security Council shall not be eligible for re-election in a period of 9 (nine) years after it has ceased to perform its duties as a rotating member of the Security Council. However, this provision shall not impair in any way the right of any such country to be elected as a non-permanent, non-rotating member of the Security Council during that period;

5. Agrees that every 10 years a review of the work of the Security Council should be conducted by the General Assembly's Sixth Committee and its report submitted to members of the General Assembly in order to maintain the United Nations Charter's spirit as a living document, and to assure that the work of the Security Council reflects common aspirations of all United Nations Member States. A Special Session of the General Assembly should be dedicated to discuss the report and take appropriate measures if necessary;

6. Reminds the Members States of the necessary harmony in the number of permanent and non-permanent members, to assure the balance in the Council between the powerful and less powerful, between the elected and non-elected, between the big and small, and between developed and developing;

7. Requests, as overwhelming number of Member States consider the use of veto in the Security Council anachronistic and undemocratic, that the veto power is eliminated;

8. Recommends the following measures to enhance transparency and to strengthen the support and understanding of its decisions by the whole membership of the Organization:

a) regular monthly consultations between the President of the General Assembly and the President of the Security Council, together with the Chairs of the Main Committees of the General Assembly and members of the Security Council;

b) the conduct of regular and substantive briefings by the President of the Security Council on informal consultations of the Security Council for all Member States;

c) the need for periodical review in order to evaluate the "performance" of the new members of the Security Council every 10 years; this review should appear automatically on the agenda of the General Assembly;

d) the invitation of non-members of the Security Council to participate in the informal consultations of the Security Council as defined in the Articles 31 and 32 of the United Nations Charter;

e) the conduct of consultations between the members of the Security Council and the countries most affected by a decision of the Council;

f) giving the opportunity to concerned States and organizations to present their views during closed meetings of the Sanctions Committees on issues arising from implementation of sanctions regimes imposed by the Security Council;

g) countries that have committed military units to an operation should have the access to briefings of the Secretariat to the Council on matters affecting safety and security of their personnel, as well as improved consultations with the countries directly involved in, or affected by a dispute;

9. Further recommends the inclusion of a provision to the Article 24 of the United Nations Charter that the Security Council shall inform and consult all interested Member States on its work. Improved consultations between the Security Council and the general membership would give legitimacy to the Security Council's claim to act on behalf of the Organization as whole;

10. Advocates that the institutionalization of the preventive diplomacy of the Security Council shall be realized, by the establishment of Regional Preventive Councils regarding matters pertaining the maintenance of international peace and security, in the following points:

a) The Regional Preventive Councils (from now on the RPCs) shall be established under provisions of the United Nations Charter (Article 22);

b) The RPCs shall perform the tasks described in the Chapter VI of the United Nations Charter (Articles 33 - 38);

c) The terminology stipulated in the point 2, stating Security Council, should in this case be replaced with the following wording: Regional Preventive Councils;

d) There shall be five (5) RPCs [in alphabetical order]:

- Regional Preventive Council of Americas

- Regional Preventive Council Asia

- Regional Preventive Council Africa

- Regional Preventive Council Europe

- Regional Preventive Council Oceania;

e) The membership in the RPCs shall reflect geographical location of a member;

f) There shall not be any permanent members within the RPCs, but only non-permanent members that shall be elected for a term of 3 years on a rotating basis, elected by the member states of a relevant RPC. Half of the Council shall be changed after this three-year period;

g) The RPCs shall submit annual and, when necessary, special reports to the General Assembly and Security Council for their consideration;

h) Each member of an RPC shall have one vote. There shall be no veto. Decisions on procedural matters, of any of the five RPCs, shall be supported by an affirmative vote of 2/3 of all the member states of the RPC;

i) The RPC shall adopt its own rules of procedure, including the method of selecting its President. The number of member states of an RPC shall be decided within each region;

j) Any member of the region, which is not a member of an RPC, shall have the opportunity to participate, without the possibility of a vote, in the discussion of any question brought before the respective RPC, whenever the latter considers that the interests of that member are specially affected;

k) Any member of a region, which is not a member of the RPC or even of the United Nations, if it is a party involved in a dispute under consideration of the RPC, shall be invited to participate, without the possibility of a vote, in the discussion related to the dispute. The RPC shall lay down such considerations as it deems just for the participation of a State which is not a member of the United Nations;

l) Any RPC may at any time put forward to the Security Council the dispute that the RPC in has been unable to solve by itself;

m) If any disputes fall into the provisions of the Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, the RPCs shall not be used in their settlement, but the organs defined in the Articles of this Chapter;

n) A Member State can be a member of the Security Council and of an RPC at the same time.


RESOLUTION S/1 ON THE CRISIS IN THE MIDDLE EAST


General Assembly

First Session

Special agenda item

RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY

S/1. Measures for the cessation of hostilities in the Middle East


The General Assembly,


Deeply concerned about the crisis in the Middle East that we have been facing for decades and reaffirming the need for a just, lasting and comprehensive peace in the Middle East,

Expressing its grave concern at the continuation of the tragic and violent events that have taken place last week, resulting in many deaths and injuries,

Fully aware of the fact that the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples is among the purposes and principles embodied in the United Nations Charter,

Convinced that Israeli acts of aggression are serious threats to international peace and security,

Expecting from the General Assembly and Security Council to take effective measures to prevent further escalations of violence in the region,

Observing the powerlessness of the Security Council in regard to the use of veto that has once again blocked the debate and the possible solution of the Crisis in the Middle East,

Having examined all relevant material on this important matter,

1. Strongly condemns the last Israeli attack on the Palestinian headquarters;

2. Condemns all acts of aggression, either Israeli or Palestinian;

3. Expresses its determination to establish a United Nations force composed of military and police observers to be dispatched throughout the territories occupied by Israel since 1967, with the aim of contributing to the implementation of all agreed commitments, ceasing of violence and enhancing safety and security of Palestinian civilians;

4. Requests the Secretary General to consult both sides on composition and modalities of deployment of such a force, including arrangements enabling it to:

a) observe the situation through its area of operation, where it should be able to move freely and reach a location of tension and instability;

b) establish cooperation between the Israeli Army and the Palestinian Authority, whenever necessary;

c) draw upon, whenever necessary, existing United Nations resources in the area;

d) report periodically on its activities, as well as in specific cases, to the General Assembly and the Secretary General;

5. Condemns all the actions contrary to the established principles of the international humanitarian law, such as blockades of occupied territories and attacks on civil population;

6. Urges a prompt investigation of the alleged bombing by a Fact-finding Committee;

7. Calls for an immediate cessation of all acts of violence, provocation and collective punishment and calls upon both parties to take confidence-building measures including unequivocal public statements in support of the continuance of the Peace process and of the present resolution;

8. Urges the resumption of the negotiations within the Middle East peace process on its agreed basis taking into account the previous positive developments in the negotiations between the two sides;

9. Calls upon all Member States to take further steps necessary to achieve a political solution to the issue of Israel through dialogue;

10. Emphasizes the need for the realization of the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, primarily the right to self-determination;

11. Calls upon the State of Israel to act in accordance with the Security Council Resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973) and 1322 (2000);

12. Calls upon the international community to initiate a comprehensive arms embargo on the State of Israel, and therefore decides that all States shall, for the purposes of fostering peace and stability in Israel, prevent the sale or supply to the State of Israel, by their nationals or from their territories or using vessels or aircraft under their flag, of arms and related materiel of all types, such as weapons and ammunition, military vehicles, equipment and spare parts for the aforementioned, and shall prevent arming and training for terrorist activities in the region;

13. Urges all States, international and regional organizations, the United Nations system and other specialized agencies to provide humanitarian assistance, especially food and medical supplies, to the Palestinian people;

14. Calls upon the State of Israel to allow unimpeded work of the international humanitarian organizations and to ensure unimpeded access and adequate conditions for the delivery of aid by such organizations to everyone in need of it;

15. Calls upon all States and all international and regional organizations to act strictly in conformity with this resolution.